在高考英语中,句子结构的灵活运用是提高写作和阅读理解能力的关键。其中,“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构是一个高频考点,也是许多学生容易混淆的语法点。本文将系统讲解“with”复合结构的用法,并提供相关练习题,帮助考生掌握这一重要知识点。
一、“with”复合结构的基本形式
“with”复合结构通常由 “with + 名词/代词 + 宾语补足语” 构成,用来表示伴随状态、原因或条件。这种结构常用于描述某一动作发生时的背景或环境,使句子更加生动、简洁。
基本结构:
with + 宾语(名词/代词) + 宾语补足语(形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词)
二、各成分的作用与常见搭配
1. 宾语(object)
通常是人或物,表示被修饰的对象。
2. 宾语补足语(object complement)
用来补充说明宾语的状态、特征或动作,常见的有以下几种形式:
- 形容词:表示状态
She sat with her eyes closed.(她闭着眼睛坐着。)
- 副词:表示位置或方向
He stood with his back to the door.(他背对门站着。)
- 介词短语:表示位置、方式等
The teacher entered the room with a book in hand.(老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。)
- 动词不定式(to do):表示目的或将来动作
I left the house with the door locked.(我离开房子时门是锁着的。)
- 现在分词(doing):表示正在进行的动作
He went out with the lights still on.(他出门时灯还亮着。)
- 过去分词(done):表示被动或完成的状态
She returned home with the problem unsolved.(她回到家时问题还没解决。)
三、常见用法与例句分析
| 类型 | 结构 | 例句 | 释义 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 形容词 | with + 宾语 + 形容词 | He left the room with the door open. | 他离开房间时门开着。 |
| 副词 | with + 宾语 + 副词 | She walked into the room with her head high. | 她昂首挺胸地走进房间。 |
| 介词短语 | with + 宾语 + 介词短语 | The girl stood with a smile on her face. | 那个女孩脸上带着微笑站着。 |
| 不定式 | with + 宾语 + to do | I found the room with the window broken. | 我发现房间窗户破了。 |
| 现在分词 | with + 宾语 + doing | She sat there with her eyes looking around. | 她坐在那里,眼睛四处张望。 |
| 过去分词 | with + 宾语 + done | They arrived at the station with their bags packed. | 他们带着收拾好的行李到达车站。 |
四、易错点与注意事项
1. 不要混淆 with 和 without 的用法
“with” 表示伴随或带有某种状态;“without” 表示没有。
- He left the room with no one following him.(他离开房间时没人跟着。)
- With the sun rising, the day began.(随着太阳升起,一天开始了。)
2. 注意动词的时态与逻辑关系
宾语补足语中的动词形式要与主句动作的时态保持一致。
3. 避免滥用 with 结构
虽然 with 结构能增强句子的表现力,但不宜过多使用,否则会影响语言的自然性。
五、练习题
一、选择题:
1. She stood ______ her hands on her hips.
A. with
B. without
C. by
D. on
2. He came into the room ______ the light on.
A. with
B. without
C. by
D. for
3. The children were seen ______ in the park.
A. play
B. playing
C. played
D. to play
4. The letter was sent ______ the address wrong.
A. with
B. without
C. by
D. on
5. We found the house ______.
A. lock
B. locking
C. locked
D. to lock
二、填空题:
1. He sat ______ his head in his hands.
2. She left the room ______ the door open.
3. The man was found ______ in the street.
4. The package arrived ______ all the items missing.
5. We saw them ______ along the river.
六、参考答案
一、选择题:
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
二、填空题:
1. with
2. with
3. lying
4. with
5. walking
通过系统的理解和练习,考生可以更好地掌握“with”复合结构的用法,在高考中灵活运用,提升语言表达的准确性和丰富性。希望本文能为你的英语复习带来帮助!