【warn的用法与搭配】在英语学习过程中,动词“warn”是一个非常实用且常见的词汇。它表示“警告、提醒、告诫”的意思,常用于表达对某种危险、问题或可能发生的不良后果的提醒。掌握“warn”的正确用法和常见搭配,有助于我们在日常交流和写作中更准确地表达自己的意思。
一、“warn”的基本含义
“warn”是一个及物动词,意思是“警告、提醒”。它的基本结构是:
> warn + 某人 + (about/against) 某事
例如:
- The teacher warned the students about the exam.
- He warned me against taking that job.
这里的“about”和“against”都是介词,用来引出被警告的内容。
二、常见搭配结构
1. warn someone about something
表示“向某人警告某事”,强调的是对某一情况的提醒。
- The doctor warned her about the side effects of the medicine.
- They warned us about the bad weather.
2. warn someone against something
表示“劝阻某人不要做某事”,带有劝告的意味。
- My parents warned me against driving after drinking.
- The sign warned hikers against entering the forest.
3. warn someone that...
表示“告诉某人……”,后面接一个从句,说明警告的具体内容。
- She warned me that I should be careful.
- He warned them that the meeting would be delayed.
4. be warned
是“warn”的被动形式,表示“被警告过”。
- I was warned not to touch the machine.
- You are warned that this is a restricted area.
三、注意点
- “warn”通常不与“to do”结构连用,除非是“warn someone to do something”,但这种情况较少见。
例如:He warned me to leave quickly.(不太常见)
- “warn”和“advise”有相似之处,但“advise”更偏向于建议,而“warn”则更强调提醒潜在的风险或危险。
四、例句分析
- He warned me not to go there alone.
他警告我不要一个人去那里。
- The police warned the public against using the bridge.
警方提醒公众不要使用这座桥。
- She was warned that she might lose her job.
她被告知可能会被解雇。
五、总结
“warn”是一个非常实用的动词,掌握其基本结构和常见搭配,能够帮助我们更自然地表达警告和提醒的意思。在实际使用中,注意“about”和“against”的区别,以及“warn someone that...”的结构,可以避免常见的语法错误。通过多读多练,相信你一定能够熟练运用“warn”这个单词。