【that的所有用法】在英语中,"that" 是一个非常常见的词,既可以作为代词,也可以作为连词或关系副词使用。它在句子中的作用多样,使用场景广泛。掌握 "that" 的各种用法对于提高英语表达能力非常重要。以下是对 "that" 所有主要用法的总结。
一、that 的基本用法总结
| 类型 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
| 引导名词性从句 | 在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中作连接词,不充当成分,但不能省略 | I believe that he is honest.(宾语从句) He said that he would come.(宾语从句) |
| 引导定语从句 | 指代先行词,作从句的主语或宾语,有时可省略 | The book that I bought is interesting.(指代“book”,作主语) The man that you met is my teacher.(指代“man”,作宾语) |
| 强调句型 | 引导强调句,用于强调句子的某一部分 | It was that he failed the exam.(强调“he”) It is that we should take action now.(强调“we”) |
| 替代指示代词 | 代替前面提到的名词,避免重复 | This is better than that.(代替“thing”) I like this one, not that one.(代替“one”) |
| 引导间接引语 | 在直接引语转换为间接引语时使用 | She said, “I am tired.” → She said that she was tired. |
| 引导虚拟语气 | 在某些固定结构中表示建议、命令等 | It’s important that he arrive on time.(虚拟语气) |
二、that 的特殊用法与注意事项
1. 在定语从句中是否省略
- 当 that 指代的是物时,可以省略;当指代人时,通常不能省略。
- The girl that I saw is my sister.(不可省略)
- The book (that) I read is interesting.(可省略)
2. 在强调句中不能用 which 或 who 替换
- 强调句必须用 that,不能用其他关系词。
- It is that he did it.(正确)
- It is which he did it.(错误)
3. 在某些固定搭配中使用
- such...that...(如此……以至于……)
- He is such a good student that everyone likes him.
- so...that...(如此……以至于……)
- It was so cold that we stayed indoors.
4. 在非正式口语中常被省略
- 在日常对话中,尤其是口语中,that 常被省略,尤其是在宾语从句中。
- I think (that) he's right.(口语中常省略)
三、常见误区
| 错误用法 | 正确用法 | 解释 |
| I don’t know which he is. | I don’t know who he is. | 当指人时,应使用 who 而不是 which |
| That is the house where he lives. | That is the house that he lives in. | 介词后不能直接跟 where,应使用 that 或省略 |
| It was that he told me. | It was him that told me. | 强调句中,若强调的是人,可用 who 或 whom,也可用 that |
四、总结
"that" 是英语中一个多功能的词,既可以引导从句,也可以作为代词使用。理解其在不同语境下的功能,有助于更准确地表达意思并避免语法错误。掌握其基本用法和特殊规则,是提升英语语言能力的重要一步。
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